Rolling & aero
Rolling resistance and relative-wind aero are evaluated from route conditions and model inputs.
A deterministic, auditable planner that treats route energy, cargo state, charging, refrigeration, and operational emissions as mechanics problems—without presenting simulation as live infrastructure or vehicle control.
Actual runtime: 8:24.63, displayed as 08:25. The demonstration shows a four-stop workflow, not live dispatch.
For each bounded route segment, wheel energy is force × distance. Positive wheel work is divided by drivetrain efficiency; negative work may become regeneration only within motor power, battery acceptance power, temperature acceptance, and remaining SOC headroom.
Rolling resistance and relative-wind aero are evaluated from route conditions and model inputs.
Grade and transient acceleration contribute to force before wheel energy is calculated.
Reference / calibration: flat dry pavement, 65 mph, no wind, 20 °C, 36,000 kg, dry van; near a 1.7 kWh/mile reference.
Mass is tractor + trailer + currently onboard cargo. Pickup-before-delivery and nonnegative cargo state are enforced, together with equipment and gross/axle planning limits.
Tractor + trailer baseline, available capacity, and usable battery state initialized.
Cargo increases onboard mass only after its pickup stop is completed.
Cargo is removed only after a valid pickup; state cannot go negative.
Route force, energy, grade, refrigeration, and SOC are recalculated from the new state.
Elevation comes from route-aligned geometry and sparse USGS 3DEP observations, interpolated onto the bounded energy mesh. Grade spikes above 30% are rejected rather than silently modeled.
SOC begins from usable capacity, subtracts net segment kWh, may rise downhill, never exceeds capacity, and fails instead of silently crossing zero.
Refrigeration uses UA × ΔT × duty cycle × time, plus door events and pull-down energy, subject to ePTO limits.
Separates battery energy, charger loss, grid energy, solar/storage contribution, duration, power, price, and source.
Diesel gallons = route miles / adjusted mpg; tailpipe emissions = gallons × 10.21 kg CO₂/gal. Electric operational emissions = session grid kWh × regional eGRID factor.